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Monday, September 1, 2014

Denationalization and Its Effects to Ford Motors Company

Introduction
Companies like Ford are a product of denationalization from US private firms producing in other countries including Ford Motor Company Limited in the UK and Ford Motor Company SA de C.V. in Mexico. For instance, in1962 the Mexican government introduced a decree of import substitution regulatory measures to promote their national automobile industry to access other countries in the importation of raw materials in production. Including tools and machineries increases for production where even the locally made parts are selling to limit foreign production. In 1969, the denationalization took place to maximize the economies of scale, where the value of production growth rate of automotives doubled. They decided to provide higher tariff trade and numerous restrictions increase against foreign companies. 
This slowed down the domestic production and sale of foreign companies like Ford, Toyota and General. But Ford, rather than move out in other locations they decided to bargain their production but only to local subsidiary. This begins a long partnership and production changes in their environment until the Mexican company, little by little, increased control over the company since majority of their shareholders were now locals and the hierarchy and degree of autonomy was largely practiced. Ford committed to help the government to create auto parts until Mexico has learned to develop their own key automatic parts production (Noguez, I.S., 2002) that highly increases their automotive production in their country.  
Reduced Marketing and Production Cost and New Market Opportunities
Since Ford started in 1925 in other countries they have heavily negotiated their taxes, concession and salaries of employees, their income is even in their local minimum wages so they that they will have no trouble in labor as stated by their government Wilkins & Hill (2011).  Denationalization in Mexico for instance has also somehow provided opportunities because of shared technology of Ford to Mexico and the introduction of new local machineries, their production in Mexico has reduced their overhead cost and imports while their offers or pricing has also decreased to gain higher market opportunities where in the past their imports of raw materials are highly dependent from US.
It took quite a while when Ford highly established reduced marketing and production cost to introduce new market opportunities. In Mexico they are able to penetrate the market once again during 2005 to launch massive automobile production because of their superior technology combined. They are able to reduce their professional cost effectively by hiring local engineers and maintenance having a good salary. They are able to established good reputation among local suppliers that becomes their ongoing partners in their production and they have become fully included in their supply chain (Contreras, O. & Carillo, J.,2005).
Helping Local Subsidiaries and Suppliers All Year Round
Ford Motors has four production factories and offices in different locations in Mexico including their central office; industrial complex, engine manufacturing, assembly and stamping plant. Each of these offices is helping their country in local employment and tax although during the 1983 adjustment and introduction to automation production and lean manufacturing was introduced, it affected the domestic environment and employment labor market adjustment and trade union was also introduced. It took them more than 20 years to finally gather the most efficient suppliers.
They have cut the numbers of employees temporarily during the 1980’s because of stiff competition but until in 2005 when they have already gained higher expansion and restructuring in this country they have once again increase workers from 129 local suppliers that maximized their production. They are able to increase more than 4800 members and years of hiring more than 9000 different jobs have been created to help their local subsidiaries in economic and social needs including professional and their people are benefitting for their success Contreras, Carillo & Estrada (2006).
Using Local Technology
With the improved knowledge of their engineers and auto mechanics they are able to acquire ability to upgrade their internal and external training programs they are able to develop a culture of quality and innovation using adaptive practical applications of principles including Just in Time Management and Total Quality Control and Japanese Production System combined with using local technology they are able to maximize production. Most of all, they are able to eliminate risks in the supply chain.
Their supply chain, although they are able to import raw materials, they are no longer dependent in external sources of raw materials since they are already using local technology that also fit to the supplies in local industry in the country. These supply chain denationalization system provides them flexibility for quicker and cheaper production input. They also participated in local networking and market relations to increase their supply chain with social professional networks and most of their local suppliers are also growing as they grow.
In another country, for instance, their subsidiaries in Brazil during 1967 has adopted their foreign company practices to align their local conditions to prepare for inflation a derivative of Simca Model and hybrid industrialization practices for massive production was introduced so that during market fluctuation the burden or changes in price to raw materials did not necessarily impact the Ford local subsidiary but also their shared alliance by their suppliers (Addis, C., 1999). 
Conclusion
Because of the oligopolistic production behavior of some US companies, they are able to find ways to lessen their production just like Ford production to other countries. They are provided with several barriers and restrictions to compete. In their expertise in the automotive production process but since they are unable to match their expertise, countries like Mexico are able to find ways to eliminate their strength by pushing them to subsidiaries and control. Denationalization or the effect of privatization and changes in ownership has provided a localized version of Ford, politically the contradiction of tariff and barriers successfully destabilize their production. But because of their efficient governance combined, they are still able to expand opportunities although the control and benefits belongs largely to the subsidiary locations where majority of shareholders are also local.   


References:

Addis, C. (1999) Taking the Wheel, US: Penn State Press p 107-108

Contreras, O. &  Carillo, J. (2006) Global Production networks and Local Learning: The Case of Ford in Hermosillo, Mexico1, Retrieved from http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.gerpisa.univ-evry.fr/ContentPages/44177382.pdf 

Contreras, O. Carillo, J. & Estrada, J.A. (2005) Retrieved from http://www.colef.mx/jorgecarrillo/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/PU354.pdf  

Noquez, I.S. (2002) Ford and the Global Strategies of Multinationals: The North American Auto Industries, USA & Canda, Routledge p 66-72

Wilkin, M. & Hills, F.E. (2011) American Business Abroad, US: Wayned State University Press p 147




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